Welcome to your GRADE 12 GEOGRAPHY MODEL EXAMINATIONS 2017
GEOGRAPHY
MODEL EXAMINATION FOR GRADE 12 JANUARY 2017
1.
Who is known as the 'father of geography'?
2.
Which of the following statements about human geography is true?
3.
If you were a geographer studying the spread of a disease in various cities, which area of human geography would you most likely focus on?
4.
Which of the following is NOT a component of the earth's surface?
5.
Which of the following is NOT a key feature of maps?
6.
Which of the following terms refers to the horizontal lines on a map that indicate distance north or south of the equator?
7.
To support urban planning in a city, which type of map would be most useful in illustrating elevation changes, roads, and utility systems?
8.
In which case would a national grid system be used on a map?
9.
If you were tasked with creating a political map, which of the following features would be most important to include?
10.
Which type of fault is caused by tension forces?
11.
Given the following fault types: normal, reverse, and strike-slip, which of them is most commonly associated with horizontal shearing?
12.
Considering the environmental impact, which internal force is most beneficial for agriculture?
13.
Which method of heat transfer is most responsible for the movement of warm air in the atmosphere?
14.
Why does frost action lead to physical weathering?
15.
You are hiking through a mountain range where temperatures fluctuate greatly. What type of weathering is likely to be most prominent?
16.
Which of the following is an example of how erosion by glaciers differs from erosion by wind?
17.
How does energy flow through an ecosystem, starting from the producers?
18.
Which of the following is an example of how the distance-time decay effect has been reduced?
19.
What is the term used to describe the decline in interaction between two locations as the distance and time between them increases?
20.
In an ecosystem, what would happen if the population of decomposers were removed?
21.
Why does Ethiopia experience different climates across its regions despite being a tropical country?
22.
What caused the separation of Pangaea into two large landmasses, Gondwana and Laurasia?
23.
Which event marked the end of the Paleozoic era?
24.
What significant geological event occurred during the Cenozoic era?
25.
What is the main purpose of the geological timescale?
26.
What does the principle of superposition tell us about rock layers?
27.
What is the main reason the climate tends to be more moderate in the Southern Hemisphere?
28.
Imagine that you are tasked with creating a new model of Earth's hydrosphere. Which of the following features would be most important to include in your model to accurately represent the Earth's water distribution?
29.
Given that the Köppen system does not consider factors such as sunshine quantity or cloud cover, how would this impact its effectiveness in regions with frequent cloud cover?
30.
Which of the following is a characteristic of the Tropical climate “A” in Köppen’s climate classification?
31.
What distinguishes the Dry Climate (B) in the Köppen system from other climate types?
32.
In the Köppen classification, which climate type would you expect to see in a region with cold winters, hot summers, and moderate rainfall year-round?
33.
In the Mid-latitude Wet (Cfb) region, what is the primary source of precipitation?
34.
Which of the following is a key characteristic of the Polar Tundra (ET) climate?
35.
What is the primary cause of the variation in day length throughout the year?
36.
How does atmospheric circulation contribute to climate differences between two locations at the same latitude?
37.
If ocean currents carrying warm water are redirected due to changes in wind patterns, what could be the potential impact on nearby coastal climates?
38.
Which of the following crops are commonly grown in the Woina-Dega climate zone of Ethiopia?
39.
Which of the following statements best describes the role of land as a natural resource?
40.
Which of the following best defines renewable resources?
41.
Which of the following is an example of a non-renewable resource?
42.
What is the relationship between deforestation and climate change?
43.
Which of the following is the main consequence of deforestation?
44.
Imagine you are designing a sustainable land management program for a community facing severe land degradation. Which of the following actions would be most innovative and effective?
45.
Which of the following features is common to all trans boundary rivers?
46.
What would be the result if a shared river such as the Zambezi River was poorly managed, considering its significant importance to multiple countries?
47.
Which of the following is an example of a regional institution focused on the sustainable management of shared water resources?
48.
To prevent future conflicts over the Nile River, what innovative approach could be adopted for water management?
49.
Which of the following is the most accurate description of the population growth trend in the 20th century?
50.
What is the estimated world population by the year 2050 according to the "medium variant" projection?
51.
What does a triangular-shaped population pyramid typically indicate in terms of population structure?
52.
How does socioeconomic change and urbanization impact population growth according to the demographic transition model?
53.
What is the primary reason for the population explosion in less developed countries (LDCs) after World War II?
54.
Given that countries like Bulgaria, Latvia, and Ukraine are experiencing population decline, which of the following problems will they likely face?
55.
If a country experiences a high level of net immigration, how might this affect its labor market?
56.
Which of the following statements best evaluates the impact of immigration on receiving countries?
57.
If a country is experiencing severe strain from rapid urbanization, what could a population policy focus on to address this issue?
58.
Which type of evidence supports the idea that continents were once connected?
59.
What conclusion can be drawn from the discovery of similar mountain belts on continents now separated by oceans?
60.
What are the two main layers involved in the plate tectonics theory?
61.
According to the Plate Tectonics Theory, what allows the lithosphere to move?
62.
Why the Plate Tectonics Theory is considered a scientific revolution?
63.
What type of plate boundary occurs when plates move apart from each other?
64.
Analyze why convection currents in the asthenosphere cause plate movement.
65.
Which geological processes must combine to create a caldera volcano?
66.
How does running water cause sheet erosion?
67.
Why is the 20th century considered likely the warmest in the last 1,000 years according to the IPCC's 2001 report?
68.
What is the relationship between deforestation and greenhouse gases (GHGs)?
69.
What is the primary greenhouse gas responsible for warming the lower atmosphere?
70.
How does deforestation contribute to global warming?
71.
How can urbanization influence the local climate in comparison to surrounding rural areas?
72.
Which region is expected to experience the greatest warming according to climate models?
73.
How might the rise in sea level impact coastal communities?
74.
What was the main goal of the Kyoto Protocol?
75.
What is the main purpose of the Buenos Aires Plan of Action (BAPA) adopted at COP 10?
76.
Ethiopia's CRGE strategy prioritizes which of the following agriculture-related practices to improve food security?
77.
Ethiopia's CRGE strategy aims to leapfrog to modern technologies in the transportation sector. Which of the following initiatives would align with this goal?
78.
How does Ethiopia’s approach to forest management in the CRGE strategy contribute to its green economy goals?
79.
The Brundtland Commission (1987) defined sustainable development as:
80.
The social dimension of sustainable development focuses on:
81.
What is the primary driver of resource conflict related to the unequal distribution of benefits?
82.
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of natural resource conflicts?
83.
A region faces severe water scarcity, but the local government is unable to address it due to weak governance. What would be an innovative approach to resolve the issue effectively?
84.
What principle does the UN Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples (UNDRIP) advocate for regarding indigenous peoples and their land?
85.
A country is facing land-use conflicts due to the over-exploitation of its natural resources. Which intervention would help improve its natural resource governance and reduce conflicts?
86.
A country is planning a large infrastructure project that will impact local natural resources. Which action, according to the principles of good natural resource governance, would be most beneficial?
87.
What is one of the main roles of elders in indigenous conflict resolution systems in Ethiopia?
88.
Why is indigenous conflict resolution mechanisms often preferred in rural communities, especially in Ethiopia?
89.
According to Malthus, what is the cause of the Malthusian Crisis?
90.
What is a potential weakness of Simon’s theory in addressing resource scarcity?
91.
Which of the following is an example of a pro-natalist policy?
92.
Which of the following policies would best be classified as an anti-natalist measure
93.
Why is family planning considered an effective method of controlling population growth?
94.
Based on the high fertility rates in Africa, what could be significant factor hindering population control efforts in the region?
95.
What does "economic development" primarily focus on?
96.
According to the definition of environmental health, which of the following does it NOT include?
97.
Considering the evidence of poor air quality contributing to millions of deaths each year, which of the following policies would most likely help improve environmental health globally?
98.
If a geographer is examining the interaction between human activity and natural environments, which field are they likely working in?
99.
What causes folding in the Earth’s crust?
100.
Which of the following is NOT a primary agent of physical weathering?
101.
If you measure the distance between two cities on a map as 5 cm and the actual distance is 50 km, what is the map’s scale?
102.
What is the area of a circle with a radius of 3 cm, given that π = 3.14 and the scale is 1 cm to 2 km?
103.
If a map scale is 1 cm to 5 km, how much area does 4 cm² on the map represent?
104.
If two maps are of the same region, but one uses a scale of 1 cm to 10 km and the other uses 1 cm to 50 km, which map would be more detailed?
105.
The base and height of a right-angled triangle are 3 cm and 6 cm, respectively, on a map. If the scale is 1 cm = 2 km, what is the ground area of the triangle?
