English national exam 2013

choose the best answer from the given

alternatives

1. Grammmar

DIRECTIONS: Questions 1-38 are incomplete sentences. There are four alternative words or phrases, A-D, given below each ques. tion. Chose the word or phrase that completes the sentence and black. en the letter of your choice on the separate answer sheet provided.

Comprehension

DIRECTIONS: For item 39 and $lmathbf(4 01$, choose the sentence that is closest in meaning to the head sentence. Each question has four choices, A-D Choose the best alternative and blacken the letter of your choice on the separate answer sheet provided.

{Section Two: Reading passage I}


1. Ethiopia has been siverely affected by climate change. It has experienced mass starvation all the way in its history. The Wollo drought and famine of 1973 or example killed hundreds of thousands of people and displaced millions. In fact, it was one of the major causes for the mass uprising the it took place against the government of Emperor Haile Selassie. The 1979 and 1984 famines that happened under the military regime kille 1 over a million people and wiped out huge number of livestock in II e drought-affected regions of northern Ethiopia The situation forced he military government to initiate programs such as resettlement and rillagization which were unpopular and became contributory factors o the downfall of the regime in 1991.Climate change
continued to be a major threat to Ethiopia Long periods of recurrent drought and erratic rainfall are the visible outcomes of this phenomenon. A significant section of the population is still exposed to shortage of food and water. Scarcity of resources has caused huge displacement of people. The populations in the east and south east of Ethiopia, particularly the pastoralists, remain vulnerable to drought and famine. Jurrently, over six million people in dire need of pout git and shortage of food have resulted in resettlement programs Wul have increased mobility and migration and exposure to all types of digease such as HIV/AIDS. Studies made at Miz-Hasab Research cellire show that vulnerability to HIV/AIDS has increased in comwinilies affected by climate change especially among internally disphoed poople and ne-settlers. To help it deal with the effect of climate dunge the government has created a Climate Change National Adaution Programme of Action (NAPA). This is a unique move on the ide of the Ehiopian government.
However, conflicts mainly caused by lack of good
governance are exasperating the situation. Displaced poople are experiencing shortage of food, disease such as HIVIAIDS infections.

Resettlement is a temporary solution. In fact, it fuels the spread of HIV AIDS and enhanoes environmental degradation. The study
recommended that (i) family planning and
population control aclivities should be in place;

(ii) technologies which are environment friendly have to be introduced; (iii) all efforts have to be incurred to rise food production and ensure food security; (iv) environmental netabilitation should be given priority. This involves protection activifies such as conservation of soil and wild life including plants.There should he consorted

effort to enlighten the broader communities to lead a rational life. Education is a key factor for change. Social services such as health, legal services and access to information should be available in close distance. There should be efforts to develop the social capital each community possesses for bringing about behavioural change towards dealing with climate change, HIV prevention, and gender equity.Food

security and economic wellbeing along with scientific and social knowledge can help in changing the behavioural practices of people. The authors believe that if NAPA is reformulated by incorporating these notions, it can make an impact in the Me style of people and mitigate the consequences of climate change and the communicable diseases such as HIV/AIDS.The
Impact of Climate Change on Vulnerability to HIV/AIDS in Ethiopia Ethiopian Journal of Development Research Vol. 34,No.1, April 2012

Section Three: Reading Passage II

Diversity: A Blessing or Curse?
1. A number of reasons may be given to explain why people differ in opinions, ideologies, attitudes or behaviors. It seems natural that people's attitudes at one point or the other will always he different. This may be due to varied reasons such as different backgrounds in which different people are brought up, different personalities or several other attributes. Is this diversity a good thing? Wouldn't have been wonderful than just sharing the same planet, it all people spoke the same language, had the same culture or belonged to one religion to one religion? Wouldn't there have been prejudices or wars between one ethnic group and another or one religion and another, right? Well, obviously expect for wars, terrorism and other extreme negative forms of these differences, my guess is that the world generally would never have been as interesting if there wasn’t
this diversity.
2. There could be something positive in the diversity of human beings. Just think of it, if we all ate the same type of food, for instance, then we may have as well stayed on one part of the planet and in no time, there would be no place for everyone to stay and indeed no food for everyone. So in this case, some have to eat nsima, some sushi and others have to eat other types of food This reduces unnecessary conflict. However, if people get killed or marginalized because they belong to a different category such as religion, political party or other divides, then it becomes a bad thing and the more reason why acknowledging this diversity becomes critical. I have personally at times found it very difficult to acknowledge diverse ways of life that I have been felt by a unfamiliar cultural environment or encounter practices that are totally different
from your own or what you have always been used to. Some call this "culture shock". It is through continued learning and interaction with people from different backgrounds that these cross-cultural harriers
that are broken.
3. It may not always be necessary to break the so called cultural barriers but langely this may be one of the many answers to curbing unnecessary clashes between one category of people and the other and most importantly enhance harmony which is even more necessary no than ever. There are many challenges and issues now such as global warming and diseases that require people to have augmented efforts in colt falling focusing on the things that make one category of people different that in the other. Differences and diversity in points of view, attitudes, from in practices and cultures should be used to learn instead of creating disadvantages for others. With the latter, it seems everyone loses out in one way or the other. Both uniqueness and diversity of individuals are gifts that I am sure are meant to benefit humanity. With the advancement and wide use of technology, people now easily move from one place to another, crisscrossing and mingling with people from various cultural settings. It is my hope that in near future people will be accepted in societies regardless of their religion, sexual orientation, ethnicity or other various categories that they may or be perceived
belong.
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4. One lesson I have learnt during my Glohal Health Corps (GHC) fellowship is the importance of this gift of diversity. I feel it is a powerful tool and blessing to humanity in enhancing equity in sectors such as health, and indeed an important tool in enhancing social justice which is desperately needed in the world today. GHC, as an emerging community of young leaders who are themselves from diverse educational and professional enhancing health equity and social justice. To a larger extent, this diversity is indeed a blessing as a lot of the iniquities and injustices in the world have diverse root causes too. By positively using the world's diverse gifts, personalities and attributes, various challenges may be tackled Tolerance, understanding and respecting some perceptions and practices of people deemed different from us may therefore be cardinal in combating some of the commo problems that face all of humanity.

Section Four: Vocabulary a Completion

DIRECTIONS: Questions 61-68 are incomplete sentences. There are four alternative words or phrases, A-D, given below each sentence. Choose one word or phrase that best completes the sentence and blacken the letter of your choice on the separate answer sheet provided.

Substitution

DIRECTIONS: for questions $69-76$, each of the

sentences has an underlined word or phrase. There are four alternatives A-D given after each sentence. Choose the word or phrase that best keeps the meaning of the underlined word or phrase and blacken the letter of your choice on the separate answer sheet provided.

DIRECTIONS: Questions 77-94 are related to different types of writing. Read each of them very carefully and choose the best answer from the four alternative answers, A-D, given. Then blacken the letter of your choice in the space provided on the answer sheet.
Section One: Word Spelling PRECTIONS:
For items 77 and 78, choose the alternative with a correct spelling and blacken the letter of your choice on the separate answer sheet.

DIRECTIONS: In questions 79-81, the words are NOT in the proper order. When put in the right order, they make correct English sentences. from the given alternatives, choose the one with a correct order and blacken the letter of your choice on the separate answer sheet.

Section Three Punctuation and

Capitalization

DIRECTIONS: For items $\math(8 2 8 5)$, choose the best alternative which is written in a correct punctuation and capitalization. Then blacken the letter of your choice m the space provided on the separate answer sheet,

Section Four: Main Idea

DiRECTION5: For item 8 6 and 87, from the alternatives A-D given in each case, choose the letter that contains the main idea of the paragraph and blacken the letter of your choice on the separate answer sheet. Display and movement communications are evident in all kinds of animals. The herring gull is a type of bird that has a yellow-coloured beak with a red spot on the end When it returns to its nest to feed its young, it taps its beak on the ground to indicate that it has food The young chicks, in return, tap the red spot on the parent's beak and this stimulates the gull to give the food to the chicks. North American rattle snakes make a loud rattling sound before administering their poisonous bite. This is a warning to a potential predator.

The African Nations Cup started in Sudan in 1957. At the time, although many countries had lively national club competitions, there were very few international matches between African national teams and so only three countries took part: Egypt, Ethiopia and Sudan.

DIRECTIONS: Items $88-90$ are based on letter writing. Read each question carefully and choose the best answer according to the given context.

Section Six: Paragraph Coherence
DIRECTIONS: When put in the correct order, sentences in questions 91-94 make up a complete paragraph. From the alternatives A-D given in each case, choose the letter that contains the correct order of the sentences and blacken the letter of your choice on the separate answer sheet. (1) a . I followed him proudly, step by step.

Communicative Rictivities

DIRECTIONS: Questions 95-120 are presented in the form of a dialogue. The part said by one the speakers is given, and a blank space is left for the other's part. for each of the blank spaces, four alternative answers, A-D, are given. Choose the one that is most appropriate to complete the dialogue and blacken the letter of your choice on the separate answer sheet provided.